TM 1-1500-204-23-1 a. General Procedures.    The  following  procedures are for all ground movements: (1) Disconnect   and   move   clear   all   ground support,  ground  servicing,  and  maintenance  equipment not essential to movement of the aircraft. (2) Assign an authorized ground crewmember to  operate  aircraft  brakes,  as  required,  from  the  time chocks are removed until they are reinstalled. (3) Assign   a   ground   crewmember   to   stand near  tip  of  each  wing  to  act  as  a  guide  during  ground movements. (4) Stand clear of aircraft immediately prior to and during movement. (5) Assign a qualified ground crewmember to direct departure from, or approach to, a parking position. Only  approved  standard  signals  will  be  used.    Use  a flashlight  or  luminescent  wand  to  signal  instructions  at night. (6) Do  not  stand,  sit,  or  lie  on  any  external portion of an aircraft while it is in motion.  Do not jump from or board a moving aircraft. (7) When moving aircraft, avoid sudden stops and starts. (8) No     person,     vehicle,     or     aircraft     shall approach   close   to   an   oncoming   taxiing   aircraft,   pass closer than 200 feet to the rear of an operating turbine- powered aircraft, or pass closer than 100 feet to the rear of other operating aircraft. (9) Do   not   taxi   or   tow   aircraft,   or   start   or runup  engines  within  50  feet  of  any  fuel,  oil,  or  water- alcohol servicing operation, or within 50 feet of any spill until the spill has been removed and the area rendered safe. b. Towing.    Tow  aircraft  in  accordance  with  the applicable maintenance manual. The following procedures are for general towing of all aircraft. (1) Prior to towing aircraft, ensure that towing attachments,  lines,  and  bars  are  of  adequate  capacity, serviceable,    and    secured    firmly    to    designated    tow fittings of aircraft and tow vehicle. (2) Do  not  exceed  the  walking  speed  of  the slowest   team   member,   with   a   maximum   speed   of   5 mph.    Tow  with  extreme  care  over  ice,  snow,  rough, rocky or muddy ground and in congested areas. (3) Use     caution     when     towing     aircraft     in extremely    low    temperatures    to    prevent    damage    to hydraulic seals which would result in strut leakage. c. Pushing.    Push  aircraft  by  hand  in  accordance with the applicable maintenance manual.  The following procedures are for general hand moving of all aircraft: WARNING Keep clear of skids, aircraft wheels, and/or ground handling wheels. (1) Position   ground   handling   wheels   (when applicable) in down-and-locked position. (2) Apply     physical     pressure     for     pushing, lifting, and turning only at authorized pressure points as designated in applicable maintenance manual. (3) Push by hand at proper pressure points. (4) Senior person will brief duties and dangers of ground handling aircraft. d. Standard   Visual   Signals.      Visual   signals   for movement of Army aircraft are contained in FM 1-105 or FM 21-60. 3-4. Static Grounding of Aircraft. Standard grounding    of    aircraft    is    explained    in    the    following paragraphs. a. Grounding Requirements. Positive requirements for grounding or bonding of aircraft are as follows: NOTE Grounding    of    aircraft    shall    be    in accordance with the same requirements as FM 10-69, Petroleum Supply Point Equipment and Operations. All   aircraft   parked   outside   will   be   grounded and bonded, in accordance with FM 1-500, to the aerospace ground equipment while servicing   (i.e.,   fueling   or   defueling,   arming ammunition  or  explosives,  oxygen,  hydraulic fluids,  or  any  flammable  liquids).    Grounding is   not   necessary   for   aircraft   parked   outside unless one of the above is being accomplished. Grounding of aircraft is required when external power is applied to the aircraft. Change 1     3-5